• Neglect - allowing unavoidable harm or failing to provide basic essentials fo physical, social and emotional development.

• Emotional Abuse - creating a negative emotional atmosphere for a child.

• Physical Abuse - creating nonaccidental injuries to a child.

• Sexual Abuse - exploiting a child for sexual gratification.

Physical Indicators

Behavorial Indicators

• underweight, poor growth patterns, failure to thrive

• consistent hunger, poor hygiene, inappropriate dress

• consistent lack of supervision, especially in dangerous activities or for long periods of time

• wasting of subcutaneous tissue

• unattended physical problems or medical needs

• abandonment

• bald patches on the scalp

• begging, stealing food

• extended stays at school (early arrival and late departure)

• rare attendance at school

• constant fatigue, listlessness or falling asleep in class

• inappropriate seeking of affection

• assuming adult responsibilities and concerns

• alcohol or drug abuse

• delinquency

• reports that there is no

Physical Indicators

Behavorial Indicators

• habit disorders (sucking, biting, rocking, etc.)

• conduct/learning disorders

• neurotic traits (sleep disorders, inhibition of play, unusual fearfulness)

• psychoneurotic reactions (hysteria, obsessions, compulsions, phobias, hypochondriases)

• behavior extremes

• overly adaptive behaviors

• suicide attempts

• developmental lags

Physical Indicators

Behavorial Indicators

• on face, lips, mouth

• on torso, back, buttocks, thighs

• in various stages of healing

• clustered, forming regular patterns (e.g., electrical cord, belt)

• on several different surface areas

• regularly appear after absence, weekend, or vacation

Unexplained fractures/dislocations

• to skull, nose, facial structure

• in various stages of healing

• multiple or spinal fracture

Unexplained burns

• cigar, cigarette burns, especially on soles, palms, backs, or buttocks

• immersion burns (sock-like, glove-like, doughnut-shaped on buttocks or genitals)

• infected burns, indicating delay in seeking treatment

• Bald patches on the scalp

• feels deserving of punishment

• wary of adult contact

• apprehensive when others cry

• behavioral extremes:

• frightened of parents

• afraid to go home

• reports injury by parent

Physical Indicators

Behavorial Indicators

•  difficulty in walking or sitting

• torn, stained or bloody underclothing

•  pain, swelling or itching in genital area

•  pain upon urination

•  bruises, bleeding or laceration in external genitals, vaginal/anal areas

• vaginal/penile discharge

• venereal disease

• poor sphincter tone

• excessive masturbation

• unwilling to change for gym or participate in PE classes

• withdrawal, fantasy or infantile behavior

•  bizarre, sophisticated or unusual sexual behavior or knowledge

• poor peer relationships

• delinquent or runaway

• reports sexual assaults by caretaker

•  change in performance in school

•  sleeping disorders/nightmares

• eating disorders

•  aggressive acting out

•  self-abusive behaviors:

•  sexual acting-out on younger children